Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors Among Undergraduate Students at SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia.

Background: Anemia remains a significant public health issue, affecting populations worldwide, particularly in low-income countries. Despite its widespread prevalence, no comprehensive studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of anemia or its associated factors among university students in Somalia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among undergraduate students at SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 264 participants from various faculties. Data on sociodemographic factors, medical and lifestyle factors, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were collected. Statistical analysis including descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square tests, and logistic regression was performed to determine associations between variables and anemia prevalence. Results: The mean age of participants was 20.3 ± 2.5 years, with an equal distribution of male and female students. The overall prevalence of anemia was 48.1%. Higher rates of anemia were observed among females (p < 0.001) and those not engaging in regular exercise (p = 0.001). Logistic regression showed that being male (OR = 0.409, 95% CI: 0.249-0.671) and engaging in exercise (OR = 0.299, 95% CI: 0.168-0.532) were protective against anemia. History of hospitalization showed a nonsignificant association with increased anemia risk (OR = 1.523, p = 0.121). A knowledge assessment revealed that 64.4% of the participants had good knowledge of anemia. Conclusion: Anemia was highly prevalent (48.1%) among undergraduate students, particularly among females and those not engaging in regular exercise. Male gender and physical activity were protective factors. Despite good knowledge levels, the burden remains significant. Targeted awareness campaigns, routine screening, and interventions promoting healthy lifestyles are essential to reduce anemia and its impact on students' health and academic performance. Further research should guide context-specific policy development.