Association between voice-activated technology interventions and well-being in older adults living alone: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: A growing number of community-dwelling older adults living alone face a range of physical, psychological and social challenges that negatively impact their well-being. Various technologies have been developed to support healthy ageing, with voice-activated technology (VAT) offering particularly promising opportunities to improve later life well-being. However, its effect on older adults living alone has not yet been systematically evaluated. Thus, this study aims to provide an evidence base for the effectiveness of VAT interventions in enhancing the physical, psychological and social well-being of older adults living alone. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the use of VAT interventions among older adults living alone. The eligible study designs include randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Primary outcomes will focus on physical, psychological and social well-being. A comprehensive search will be conducted across international (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest and Web of Science) and Korean databases (RISS, DBpia and KISS). Two reviewers will independently conduct study selection, risk-of-bias assessment and data extraction. A meta-analysis will be conducted to synthesise the effects of VAT interventions on psychological, physical and social domains of well-being. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Synthesising existing evidence, this review aims to inform the development of targeted interventions and support strategies to improve the well-being of older adults living alone. As no new data will be collected, ethical approval is not required. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal to guide targeted intervention strategies and engage both academic and policy audiences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD420251084621.