Temporal trends in the epidemiology of hip osteoarthritis in the USA, 1990-2019: a cross-sectional time-series study using GBD data.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate temporal trends in the epidemiology of hip osteoarthritis (OA) in the USA from 1990 to 2019, with stratification by sex and geographic region. DESIGN: Cross-sectional time-series analysis using secondary data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. SETTING: US population-based analysis, stratified by the four US Census Bureau regions: Northeast, Midwest, South and West. PARTICIPANTS: De-identified, aggregate population-level data representing all adults in the USA from 1990 to 2019, drawn from the GBD database. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Age-standardised rates per 100 000 population for years lived with disability (YLDs), prevalence and incidence of hip OA. Outcomes were stratified by sex and region. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: Between 1990 and 2019, hip OA in the USA increased by 23.91% in YLDs, 24.67% in prevalence and 25.22% in incidence. In 2019, the mean YLDs were 28.30 in women versus 25.48 in men; prevalence was 49.55 versus 41.08; and incidence was 919.29 versus 818.10 (all p<0.001). Regionally, the Northeast had the highest mean YLDs (30.1), prevalence (52.4) and incidence (950.5), while the South had the lowest (YLDs: 24.5, prevalence: 40.7, incidence: 805.2). These sex-based and region-based disparities were statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There has been a substantial rise in the burden of hip OA in the USA over the past three decades. Women and residents of the Northeastern USA are disproportionately affected. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health strategies that account for geographic and sex-based disparities in hip OA burden.