Recurrent meningitis due to Salmonella arizonae in an adult with AIDS: case presentation and next-generation sequencing analysis.

Background: Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, primarily affecting children, the elderly, and immunocompromised adults, particularly those living with HIV. Salmonella meningitis is rare, except in sub-Saharan Africa. Salmonella arizonae is associated with reptiles and exceptionally causes meningitis in humans. Case Summary: We present the case of an adult man living with HIV who presented five episodes of bacterial meningitis due to S. arizonae within a period of 8 months. The patient improved after performing cholecystectomy and with optimization of antiretroviral treatment and prolonged antibiotic therapy. Genomic study confirmed that S. arizonae is sensitive to antibiotics. Conclusion: This case illustrates a rare form of S. arizonae meningitis. The identity of the etiological agent was confirmed by next-generation sequencing analysis.