Procedural descriptions and survival times for hepatic arteriovenous malformations (HAVM) in animals receiving primarily conservative treatment, arterial embolization, or dominant outflow vein occlusion.

OBJECTIVE: Hepatic arteriovenous malformations (HAVM) are complex congenital vascular anomalies associated with liver dysfunction. Due to surgical morbidity, alternative treatments including medical management, transarterial glue embolization (TAE),…

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