Impact of Infection Prevention Measures on Patients With Dementia in Care Facilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

AIM: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly impacted people with dementia (PWD) residing in care facilities, where stringent infection prevention measures are implemented. While these measures aim to reduce virus transmission, they may inadvertently exacerbate cognitive and physical decline in PWD. This study examines the relationship between the types and the number of COVID-19 infection prevention measures and their adverse effects on PWD in Special Elderly Nursing Homes (SENHs) and Group Homes (GHs) in Japan. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and February 2023 among representatives of elderly care facilities. Data were collected using an anonymous online questionnaire, which gathered information on COVID-19 infection prevention measures, facility characteristics, and adverse effects experienced by PWD. Statistical analyses, including χ2 tests and multivariate logistic regression models, were performed to assess associations between these measures and unfavorable outcomes. RESULTS: Among the 567 valid responses, 73% of facilities reported adverse effects on PWD. In SENHs, restrictions on outings, reduced rehabilitation, and cluster outbreaks were significantly associated with negative impacts. In GHs, environmental modifications and cluster outbreaks emerged as significant factors. Additionally, a greater number of infection prevention measures correlated with increased adverse effects in both facility types. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 infection prevention measures may negatively impact PWD, particularly in facilities with extensive restrictions and limited opportunities for social interaction. These findings highlight the importance of balancing infection control strategies with interventions that support residents' cognitive and physical well-being, especially during public health emergencies.