Peri-Operative and Oncological Outcomes of Laparoscopic Versus Open Lateral Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Low Rectal Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Metastasis to the lateral lymph nodes (LLNs) occurs in 15%-20% of patients with cT3-4 low rectal cancer and remains a key factor in local recurrence after surgery. While laparoscopic LLN dissection (LLND) is increasingly performed, its te…

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