Physical review. E
Universal energy equalization under Haar-random unitary operations.
Hyogeon Park, Minjae Kym, Yong Woon Kim, Juyeon Yi
Published: 202510.1103/8pdp-zk6w
Abstract
We investigate the work done on finite quantum systems initially in an energy-diagonal ensemble when subjected to Haar-random unitary operations. On average, the system's energy shifts toward the infinite-temperature value, effectively equalizing the…
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