Co-targeting KRAS and Exportin1 as an effective therapeutic strategy for KRASG12D mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Husain Yar Khan, Mohammed Najeeb Al Hallak, Amro Aboukameel, Sahar F Bannoura, Md Hafiz Uddin, Adeeb A Aboukameel, Fulya Koksalar Alkan, Ahmet B Caglayan, Hilmi K Alkan, Bin Bao, Hugo Jimenez, Allan M Johansen, Callum McGrath, Grayson Barker, Khalil Choucair
Abstract
Open AccessBackground: Several KRASG12D inhibitors (KRASG12Di) are under clinical evaluation for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, as seen with other first generation KRAS inhibitors, resistance may limit their long-term efficacy, necessitating combination strategies to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Exportin 1 (XPO1), a nuclear transport protein overexpressed in PDAC, represents a therapeutic vulnerability in KRAS-mutant cancers. Here, we demonstrate that the second-generation XPO1 inhibitor Eltanexor synergizes with MRTX1133 to enhance its efficacy in multiple PDAC models. Methods: We generated KRASG12Di-resistant PDAC cells and assessed their response to Eltanexor. The antiproliferative effects of MRTX1133 and Eltanexor combinations were evaluated in 2D and 3D in vitro PDAC models. The in vivo efficacy of the combination was tested in KRASG12D-mutant human and murine PDAC xenograft and allograft models. Results: Eltanexor sensitized MRTX1133-resistant PDAC cells to growth inhibition. In both 2D and 3D culture models, the combination of Eltanexor and MRTX1133 significantly reduced cell viability. Mechanistically, the combination treatment suppressed key KRAS downstream signaling molecules, including p-ERK, mTOR, p-4EBP1, DUSP6, and cyclin D1. Kinome analysis further revealed reduced MAPK-related kinase activity. Combining subtherapeutic doses of Eltanexor and MRTX1133 resulted in significant tumor regression and prolonged survival in PDAC xenograft and immunocompetent orthotopic allograft models. Moreover, maintenance therapy with Eltanexor prevented tumor relapse, yielding a durable antitumor response. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Eltanexor overcomes resistance to MRTX1133 and enhances its efficacy in PDAC. The combination regimen may provide a durable therapeutic response while reducing the required dose of KRASG12D inhibitors, potentially delaying resistance and improving patient outcomes.