Guillain-Barré Syndrome After Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccination: A Rare Clinical Case Report.

Background and importance: Guillain-Barré syndrome is a type of immune-mediated acute polyradiculoneuritis that is typically preceded by an unspecified infection. Case presentation: A 6-year-old black male preliminary school student who was admitted to the paediatric ward with generalized body weakness comprising both lower and upper extremities (unable to move legs and hands as a usual motor movement), not walking alone without caregiver assistance, being unable to swallow food, blurred vision, tingling in the feet and hands, an irregular heartbeat, and severe muscular pain. The patient had quadriparesis, or muscle weakness, in all four limbs (both legs and arms). Motor examination revealed decreased muscle strength in all limbs, with a Medical Research Council score of 2/5 in the right arm of the upper extremities and 1/5 in the right leg of the lower extremities, and 1/5 in the left leg of the lower extremities and 2/5 in the left arm of the upper extremities. According to the clinical signs of Guillain-Barré syndrome, he received 400 mg/kg of intravenous immunoglobulin every day for 5 days. Clinical discussion: The immune response in Guillain-Barré syndrome damages either myelin (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuritis) or the axon (acute motor axonal neuropathy, as well as acute motor and sensory axonal neuritis). Conclusion: In this study, the patient was diagnosed with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuritis, a subtype of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Intravenous immunoglobulin (400 mg/kg per day for 5 days) was administered to him to combat the Guillain-Barré syndrome antibodies responsible for nerve damage.