Endotracheal sialolipoma: A rare case report.

RATIONALE: Sialolipomas arising in the tracheobronchial tree are exceedingly rare. To date, only 6 cases of tracheobronchial sialolipoma have been documented in the English medical literature. A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of this tumor is vital for accurate diagnosis and the development of effective treatment strategies. This study seeks to elucidate its features through a detailed case report and literature synthesis, aims to prevent diagnostic pitfalls and guide optimal treatment for this exceedingly rare tumor. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 28-year-old male was referred to Yuyao People's Hospital in December 2024, due to cough and shortness of breath for nearly 1 year. DIAGNOSES: Non-contrast chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a nodular lesion in the trachea. Bronchoscopy showed a neoplasm located approximately 10 mm above the tracheal carina, causing over 70% luminal stenosis. Pathological analysis of the surgical specimen led to a diagnosis of sialolipoma. INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent a lesion resection procedure via rigid bronchoscopy. OUTCOMES: The patient recovered well. A follow-up CT scan at 7 months after tumor removal showed no evidence of recurrence. LESSONS: Endotracheal sialolipoma is a rare benign tumor. CT and magnetic resonance imaging are valuable tools for diagnosis (CT Hounsfield units suggest fatty components in the tumor). The primary treatment is endoscopic tumor resection. The prognosis is favorable after complete excision.