Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium: A case report.

RATIONALE: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium (PSCCE) has a low incidence and is relatively rare. The treatment for this disease is currently not well-defined. Here, we report a case of a 56-year-old female patient. Based on a review of previous literature, we summarized the treatment options for this rare disease and presented our insights. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 55-year-old patient presented with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Transvaginal ultrasonography demonstrated uterine cavity hydrocele and abnormal echo. Diagnostic hysteroscopy was performed, and pathological results revealed PSCCE. DIAGNOSIS: The patient was diagnosed with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium (stage IA). INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent laparoscopic total hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy, combined with pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection. Then she received external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. OUTCOMES: The patient has been undergoing regular follow-up and so far, no recurrence of the tumor has been detected. LESSONS: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium is rare, no definitive treatment protocol has been established. Early diagnosis is important for prognosis.