exoRBase 3.0: an updated resource for extracellular RNAs from human biofluids.

Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) in human biofluids have emerged as promising liquid biopsy biomarkers for noninvasive disease diagnosis and monitoring. Here, we present exoRBase 3.0 (http://www.exorbase.org), a significantly expanded database that systematically integrates and compares extracellular long RNAs (exLRs) derived from both extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) and cell-free RNA fractions. The database encompasses 19 927 messenger RNAs, 15 961 long non-coding RNAs, and 126 816 circular RNAs from 2913 samples across blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and bile. A key advancement is the first large-scale comparative analysis platform that distinguishes between EVP-associated and cell-free exLRs, enabling identification of context-specific biomarkers and optimization of liquid biopsy strategies. Enhanced with interactive visualizations and expanded pathway analysis covering 12 981 gene sets, exoRBase 3.0 facilitates comprehensive comparative analysis of expression profiles, functional pathways, and tissue/cell origins across different sample types and disease states. This resource addresses the critical need for understanding how RNA biomarker performance varies between EVP and cell-free contexts, ultimately advancing precision medicine through improved liquid biopsy approaches for cancer diagnosis, disease monitoring, and therapeutic applications.