Self-medication practices in the UAE: prevalence, determinants, public awareness, and the impact of an educational intervention on safe medication use.

Background: Self-medication is a widespread practice globally involving the use of medications without direct medical supervision. While it provides convenience and cost savings, it poses risks such as misdiagnosis, incorrect dosages, adverse drug interactions, and antibiotic resistance. This study assessed the prevalence, determinants, and perceptions of self-medication among adults in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and evaluated the impact of a brief educational intervention on public awareness and attitudes. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among 400 participants using structured, face-to-face surveys, followed by an educational intervention that included a targeted brochure. Post-intervention feedback was collected directly using an online survey. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using SPSS v. 29. Results: Self-medication was reported by (78%) of participants, primarily for minor ailments, with key drivers including the perceived unimportance of the illness (79.3%), prior knowledge of drugs (61.3%), and accessibility to pharmacies (42.5%). Chronic illness was significantly associated with increased self-medication. Despite 47.8% reporting awareness of drug interactions, only 38.6% could identify examples. Antibiotic misuse was noted in (24.5%) of cases. Participant narratives revealed real-life harms, including pediatric dosing errors, herbal misuse during pregnancy, and delayed diagnosis due to symptom masking. The educational intervention improved understanding in 88.3% of respondents, and 79% expressed interest in further education. Self-medication was significantly associated with age, gender, education, and insurance status (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Self-medication is highly prevalent in the UAE, influenced by demographic and access-related factors. Despite moderate awareness, critical knowledge gaps persist. Educational tools and stronger pharmacist engagement can enhance safe medication use. Targeted interventions are needed to promote responsible self-care and regulatory compliance.