Challenges and barriers in managing Type 2 diabetes: insights from a qualitative study of patients' experiences at a university hospital in Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is a global health issue, with unique challenges in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Patients face barriers such as lifestyle, diet, healthcare access, and psychological impacts. Understanding these challenges is crucial for improving diabetes care and support. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the challenges and barriers faced by patients in managing Type 2 diabetes at a University Hospital in Qassim, Saudi Arabia, to provide insights for improving diabetes care and support. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive phenomenological design used semi-structured interviews and purposive sampling. Face-to-face interviews (Sept 2024-Jan 2025) were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using Collaizi's thematic analysis. RESULTS: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the key challenges and facilitators influencing the management of Type 2 diabetes. Thematic analysis identified five core themes: Challenges in Adapting Lifestyle and Behavior, Dietary Struggles and Social Pressures, Barriers to Effective Healthcare and Medication Use, Psychological and Emotional Burden of Diabetes, and Gaps in Patient Education and Support for Self-Management. Participants faced challenges of balancing self-care with work and social duties, dietary struggles tied to culture, healthcare barriers, emotional distress, and the vital role of education in disease management. CONCLUSION: A patient-centered approach is key to managing Type 2 diabetes in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Addressing lifestyle, healthcare, and psychological challenges can improve self-management and outcomes. Providers should offer tailored education, enhance care access, and support emotional and social needs. Policies should promote culturally sensitive, community-based interventions to improve adherence and quality of life.