Journal of drug targeting
Improving the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of carvedilol for control of diabetes-associated heart failure: in vitro and in vivo characterisation.
Tamer Mohamed Mahmoud, Mohammed Ayad Alboreadi, Amr Gamal Fouad, Nada H Mohammed, Amany Belal, Fahad H Baali, Nisreen Khalid Aref Albezrah, Mohammed S Alharthi, Sherif Faysal Abdelfattah Khalil, Fatma I Abo El-Ela
Published: 202510.1080/1061186X.2025.2573051
Abstract
Carvedilol (CRD) is an oral beta-adrenergic antagonist approved for treating heart failure (HF). However, due to its short half-life and poor solubility, CRD has limited bioavailability and effectiveness. This study aimed to develop a nasal spray of…
Preview only. Read the full abstract at the source