Reverse Posterior Interosseous Artery Flap: Indications, Technique, and Complications in 18 Consecutive Cases.

Objective: To evaluate the success rate of the reverse posterior interosseous artery flap, inferring its predictability, reliability, and safety. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study including 18 patients with soft-tissue lesions in the distal third of the upper limb who underwent posterior interosseous artery flap surgery. The study analyzed the flap size, the recipient area, the need for additional grafting, the clinical outcome, and the complications. Results: There was one total and one partial loss of the flap, resulting in a success rate of 94.45%. Most cases healed well, and we did not observe major complications. More than half (55.5%) of the cases required grafting. In four cases, the flap was insufficient to cover the defect, requiring skin grafting in areas of granulation. In four cases, we performed thumb coverage, which is essential for hand function. The average flap size was of 9.6 cm in length by 4.4 cm in width, with the length ranging from 5.5 to 13 cm, and the width, from 3 to 7 cm. The flap was beneficial in functional areas such as the thumb and first commissure. Conclusion: The posterior interosseous artery flap is a safe and effective option to cover defects in the distal third of the upper limb, especially on the dorsum of the hand and thumb, with low morbidity and good functional and esthetic outcomes. Level of Evidence: IV, case series.