Development of open radio access networks (O-RAN) for real-time robotic teleoperation.

Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) offer a flexible RAN architecture for future 6G systems, yet their complexity and lack of real-world testbeds pose interoperability challenges, particularly with emerging software platforms and robotic systems. Here we present a real-world software-defined radio testbed based on an open-source 4G long-term evolution (LTE) system, integrated with the near-real-time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) via standard O-RAN E2 interfaces. It enables connectivity with robotic end devices such as a haptic controller and robotic arm, demonstrating the activation of E2 functionality within a live RAN environment. The testbed enables haptic operation with sub-one-second latency and block error rate (BLER) under 12% for tasks such as dental inspection use cases. We also demonstrate replacement of software-defined radios (SDRs) with low-power mobile dongles, achieving comparable 10 Mbps throughput while cutting power consumption by 90%. This setup establishes a foundation for advancing research and integration in managing next-generation RANs.