IoT-driven smart irrigation system to improve water use efficiency.

The agriculture sector is the cornerstone of many global economic entities, plays a central role in highly contributing to ensure food security and the gross domestic product. Difficulties caused by traditional irrigation methods, population growth, and climate change are leading to the development of current irrigation systems. This study presented a smart irrigation system using novel techniques like, Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, embedded system and sensors. The smart system integrates real-time monitoring and control during irrigation, fertilization, and biopesticides application. A mobile application is implemented to monitor and control the entire system. Results showed that using wood vinegar at low concentrations is an effective way to improve water use efficiency, increase lettuce yield, and optimize disease control compared to other concentrations. The impact of 400 concentration on the evaluation criteria was found to achieve the best values at 26% moisture content. The smart system reduces water consumption by 47% and achieving a 43% increase in yield as well the lowest level of disease severity index with a value of 7.78%. The system proposed features real-time monitoring and control, improving water use efficiency and supporting smart agriculture practices as well as contribute to food and water security.