Developing a conceptual framework for adolescent disaster resilience education in Iran.

In the realm of public education research, there exists a critical need to assess readiness and investigate behavioral changes in the context of disasters through the lens of behavior change theories aimed at modeling disaster preparedness. Despite numerous paradoxes that arise between structural factors and associated risks, the behavioral responses of adolescents in reaction to disasters remain significantly underexplored. The current study employed a mixed-methods approach and an "all-hazards" framework. The goal was to develop a conceptual model for teaching teenagers to be more resilient in the face of disasters, thereby enhancing social resilience in Iran. The present study used a mixed-method approach in four stages. The first stage was carried out by a systematic review of articles published between August 18, 2001, and August 31, 2024. The second stage involved semi-structured in-depth interviews with 21 experts and 35 adolescents chosen through purposeful sampling. In the third stage, a Delphi questionnaire was designed to measure the components and reach expert agreement, and the level of importance of each extracted factor was evaluated with the participation of 20 professors and experts in disaster management. Finally, by holding a panel of experts according to the results of the previous three stages, the model of adolescent disaster resilience education was designed to improve social resilience in Iran. The results of the present study proposed a model of adolescents' disaster resilience education to improve social resilience, which consists of four main parts, including governance perspectives, need-based education, social participation, and scope of influence. Identifying the influential factors and components in adolescent disaster resilience education and measuring the agreement of experts about the components by determining the priority and importance of each component in developing disaster education programs can be very effective in improving the resilience of adolescents against disasters.