Rasch model analysis of herbal medicine consumption and doping risk awareness among athletes.

This study examined herbal medicine consumption and athletes' awareness of doping, providing data for developing strategies to reduce doping risks. A survey of 2241 South Korean athletes investigated their consumption behaviors and awareness. Athletes mainly used herbal medicines for stamina enhancement, fatigue recovery, and injury rehabilitation, and most believed these effects to be beneficial. However, awareness of potential prohibited substances was low, with many athletes unaware of the doping risks linked to herbal medicine use. Pattern analysis identified trends in timing, purpose, purchasing sources, and forms of consumption, with stamina and fatigue recovery emerging as the most common reasons. These findings highlight the urgent need for systematic education and clear guidelines regarding herbal medicine in sports. Early education during athletes' developmental stages is particularly important to prevent unintentional doping. By analyzing athletes' consumption patterns and awareness, this study provides foundational evidence to guide policy and practice. The results can serve as a reference for establishing preventive strategies and ensuring safer use of herbal medicine in sports.