Empowering smart homes by IoT-driven hybrid renewable energy integration for enhanced efficiency.

This paper investigates combined renewable energy systems with the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart homes to increase efficiency, cost savings, and environmental sustainability. The study optimizes the combination of solar panels, wind turbines, and energy storage systems, utilizing IoT sensors and controllers, to enable real-time monitoring and adaptive energy management. A simulated smart home environment case study demonstrates that the system outperforms conventional energy systems, improving average efficiency by up to 72.3%, reducing energy costs by up to 61%, and lowering CO₂ emissions by more than 61% compared to conventional systems. The solar-wind-storage configurations of the hybrid system increased efficiency to 80%, with customer satisfaction of 8.5/10, indicating the practical applicability of the system. In addition to presenting these quantifiable advantages, the paper discusses scalability issues, operational limits, and future research work, positioning the proposed approach as a pathway toward sustainable IoT-enabled smart home energy ecosystems.