Performance assessment of compression ground anchors in urban deep excavations through numerical and field investigations.

This study evaluated the stability performance of compression and tension ground anchors used in deep excavations through numerical analyses and field tests. Compression anchors were observed to have advantages over tension-type anchors in terms of deformation control and safety factors. Under ultimate load conditions, the deformation of the compression anchors was recorded to be 14% lower. The safety factors for the anchors in clay soils were found to be nearly equal, both providing sufficient safety margins. Field tests demonstrated that compression anchors provide a broader load distribution, enhancing stability. These results support the use of compression-type anchors, particularly in urban projects.