Clinical and laboratory characteristics of novel diabetes subgroups: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Proper classification of diabetes enhances accurate diagnosis and tailored management, and recent researchers introduce an innovative subgroup classification for adult diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the attributes of these novel diabetes subgroups. We conducted a systematic search across MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, focusing on the characteristics of novel diabetes subgroups. These included mild age-related diabetes (MARD), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD), severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD), severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID), severe insulin-deficient and insulin-resistant diabetes (SIDRD), and severe obesity-related and insulin-resistant diabetes (SOIRD). Our review included 19 studies comprising 59,915 cases: 2,603 (4.34%) SAID, 14,946 (25.94%) SIDD, 9,285 (15.50%) SIRD, 13,323 (22.24%) MOD, 19,465 (32.49%) MARD, 87 (0.15%) SIDRD, and 206 (0.34%) SOIRD cases. The SIDD subgroup exhibited a reduced homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function. Both SIDRD and SIDD subgroups demonstrated elevated levels of HbA1c. Subgroups SIRD and MARD had decreased eGFR levels, correlating with a higher incidence of nephropathy. The SIRD subgroup presented the most significantly altered lipid metabolism and the highest insulin resistance. Distinct clinical and laboratory characteristics among the diabetes subgroups reveal the necessity for diverse treatment strategies. Tailored approaches are essential to effectively manage the various diabetes subtypes.