FMRI and kinematic dataset for investigating neuroplasticity with function-specific rTMS.

This dataset supports research on neuroplasticity and motor adaptation in motor learning and rehabilitation. It includes multimodal longitudinal data from 46 healthy adults performing motor imagery and physical training of a backward glide shot put task. Participants received one of three interventions: function-specific repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) guided by task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), rTMS targeting hand motor hotspots, or motor training alone. The dataset contains resting-state and task-based fMRI, individualized stimulation coordinates, and daily kinematic parameters collected before and after intervention. These data enable analysis of brain network plasticity, motor performance changes, and the effects of targeted neuromodulation, providing a reproducible resource for advancing studies on precise brain stimulation and motor rehabilitation.