Common neural dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: Insights from a meta-analysis of resting-state fMRI studies.

A central challenge in psychiatry is the need for improved diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy. Recent dimensional frameworks like the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative address this by promoting a transdiagnostic approach to identify shared neural mechanisms across psychiatric disorders. Here, we conducted a transdiagnostic meta-analysis of resting-state fMRI studies that employed amplitude-based measures of spontaneous brain activity-the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations/fractional ALFF (ALFF/fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo). Our results revealed that patients, compared to healthy controls, exhibited significantly elevated ALFF/fALFF in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, anterior insula, and caudate, as well as increased ReHo in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex but reduced ReHo in the middle occipital gyrus. These regions were then subjected to resting-state functional connectivity and functional decoding analyses based on a dataset of 110 healthy participants, allowing for a data-driven inference on psychophysiological functions. These regions and their networks are mapped onto systems implicated in cognitive control, social functioning, emotional processing, and sensory perception. Collectively, our findings delineate a suite of transdiagnostic neural aberrations reflected in resting-state activity, thereby advancing the neurobiological validation of the dimensional frameworks and highlighting potential common targets for therapeutic intervention.