Gene therapy strategies in tissue engineering: advances and applications for regenerative therapy.

Gene therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for tissue regeneration, offering the potential to address the limitations of conventional treatments. In this review we present an overview of applications of gene therapy in tissue regeneration, emphasizing recent advancements and future directions. Our work addresses gaps in the current literature by examining developments in molecular biology and genetics, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) gene editing, advances in 3D bioprinting, and progress in gene delivery for tissue engineering. We describe case studies and clinical trials that demonstrate the potential of gene therapy applications in tissue engineering. We conclude by highlighting challenges and future directions, including emerging technologies and personalized gene-based approaches for tissue engineering research.