Multidisciplinary respiratory rehabilitation after spontaneous pneumothorax in cystic lung disease: a case report with literature review.

Background: Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is a recurrent and debilitating complication in cystic lung diseases (CLD), often requiring invasive interventions and multidisciplinary respiratory rehabilitation (MRR). However, evidence regarding the role of MRR in post-pneumothorax recovery remains limited. Case report: We report a 51-year-old male with bullous CLD and a 30-pack-year smoking history who presented with acute dyspnea and right-sided pneumothorax. Chest CT revealed extensive emphysematous bullae with 60-70 % lung collapse. After initial chest drainage failed to resolve persistent air leakage, the patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for bullectomy and pleurodesis. A MRR protocol was initiated on postoperative day (POD) 2. Outcomes: Pulmonary function improved markedly, with FEV1 rising from 27.5 % predicted preoperatively to 55.4 % at the time of POD 48 (Discharge). Activities of daily living scores doubled from 40 to 80 points, reflecting substantial recovery of functional capacity. The patient ultimately returned to independent community living. Conclusion: This case highlights the critical role of MRR in optimizing outcomes after spontaneous pneumothorax in CLD patients. Integration of IMT, airway clearance, and early mobilization contributed to functional restoration despite significant postoperative complications. Furthermore, this finding underscores the value of personalized rehabilitation strategies in complex thoracic conditions.