Radiological diagnosis of calcified intra- and extra-ventricular ganglioglioma involving the lateral ventricle: A case-based review of a challenging and uncommon presentation.

Originally described by Perkins in 1926, gangliogliomas are typically low-grade, slow-growing tumors (WHO Grade I or II) composed of dysplastic neuronal and glial cells. They most commonly affect children and young adults under 30 and are usually found within brain tissue (parenchymal locations). Involvement of the ventricular system is exceptionally rare, with cases in the lateral ventricles being even scarcer. This report presents an unusual case of an intra- and extra-ventricular ganglioglioma in a 61-year-old male patient, who presented with acute and progressive symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. His medical history included hypertension and diabetes. The diagnosis was confirmed via stereotactic CT-guided brain biopsy. This case report also includes a comprehensive review of the current literature to shed light on this rare and diagnostically challenging tumor.