Oral oncologyHumansFemaleMouth NeoplasmsMaleMiddle Aged
T4a classification for oral cancer using mandibular canal invasion instead of bone marrow invasion in the TNM staging system.
Masaya Okura, Nobuhiro Yamakawa, Mitsunobu Otsuru, Takumi Hasegawa, Yusuke Yokota, Shin Rin, Hironori Sakai, Shin-Ichi Yamada, Eiji Hirai, Yuichi Ashikaga, Kozo Yamamoto, Michihiro Ueda, Tadaaki Kirita, Masahiro Umeda, Masaya Akashi
Published: 202510.1016/j.oraloncology.2025.107771
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In oral cavity cancers, tumors invading the bone marrow of the mandible or maxilla have traditionally been classified as T4a in the TNM staging system. This study evaluated the impact of bone invasion on T classification and s…
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