Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD
Caffeine metabolic phenotypes and hypertension risk: Urinary paraxanthine-to-caffeine ratio threshold and mediating pathways in NHANES.
Fang-E Shi, Zhengyi Huang, Lingjie Cao, Zhe Yu, Cheng Chi
Published: 202510.1016/j.numecd.2025.104525
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aimed to resolve the caffeine-hypertension paradox by investigating the association between urinary paraxanthine-to-caffeine molar ratio (PMR)-a functional biomarker of CYP1A2 metabolic capacity-and hypertension risk,…
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