Mitigating facial nerve injury risks in aesthetic surgery: A narrative review of surgical practices and anatomicsal challenges.

Facial nerve injuries pose challenges in cosmetic surgery. We comprehensively reviewed the anatomy of the facial nerve, with a focus on its five major branches-temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical- and explored the clinical implications of nerve injuries during cosmetic procedures. Surgical damage to any branch of the facial nerve can lead to functional impairments, including facial asymmetry, impaired eye closure, speech difficulties, and reduced oral competence. Furthermore, aesthetic consequences, including facial drooping and altered appearance, can profoundly affect patients' psychological well-being. This review provides a detailed discussion of strategies for preventing nerve injury, including surgical techniques and landmark identification that underscores the importance of meticulous preoperative planning and intraoperative execution. This review highlights the importance of comprehensive anatomical knowledge in optimizing patient safety and satisfaction in facial cosmetic surgery.