Evaluating the role of a novel homeodomain protein in periodontal regenerative therapy: An in-vitro study.

Introduction: The goal of periodontal treatment is to halt disease progression and restore the structure and function of damaged periodontal tissues. Homeodomains-transcription factors prominently expressed during limb bud formation and craniofacial development-are abundantly present in the periosteum, and their expression continues in postnatal descendant cells, where they play a key role in bone homeostasis and fracture healing. These factors regulate stem cell differentiation critical for cementogenesis, osteogenesis, and periodontal ligament (PDL) regeneration, making them attractive targets for periodontal tissue engineering and regenerative therapies. A deeper understanding of homeodomain protein functions could lead to innovative treatments for periodontal disease and alveolar bone defects. In this context, our study investigated the role of homeodomain proteins in periodontal regeneration. Methods: Periosteum tissue was collected from a fracture site, and protein extracts were prepared. MTT and in vitro wound-healing assays were performed using a PDL cell line co-cultured with homeodomain protein (test group) and PDL cells alone (control group). Results: The MTT assay revealed that a concentration of 5 μg/mL yielded the highest cell viability. In the wound-healing assay, significant differences between the control and test groups demonstrated that homeodomain expression enhances cell migration and proliferation. Conclusion: Homeodomain protein expression in the periosteum could serve as a novel biomarker for periodontal regeneration.