Vasovagal syncope during ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein cannulation: A case report.

Introduction: Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is a reflex syncope caused by excessive vagal activation and sympathetic inhibition, primarily manifesting as bradycardia, hypotension, and transient loss of consciousness. Although reports of VVS during ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein catheterization are rare, failure to actively identify and manage this condition may increase the risk of adverse events, warranting high clinical vigilance. Presentation of case: This paper describes a middle-aged male patient who experienced sudden VVS during ultrasound-guided right internal jugular vein catheterization. The patient presented with abrupt loss of consciousness, pallor, profuse sweating, and a rapid drop in heart rate and blood pressure. Immediate cessation of the procedure, rapid fluid resuscitation, and ephedrine administration led to prompt recovery. Discussion: After the patient's vital signs stabilized, the relevant causes were actively differentiated, and after excluding hypoglycemia, cardiogenic syncope, local anesthetic poisoning, neurofunctional syncope and other causes, the cause of VVS was determined, and the mechanism of VVS was retrospectively analyzed, and the prevention and treatment measures for VVS were improved. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of identifying and emergency management of VVS during ultrasound-guided internal jugular venous venous catheterization and discusses related prevention strategies.