Immunopotentiating effects of recombinant TNFα in formalin-killed Streptococcus parauberis vaccine for starry flounder.

To enhance vaccine efficacy in aquaculture species, molecular adjuvants such as cytokines are gaining attention for their immunostimulatory potential. In this study, we evaluated the functional role of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNFα)…

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