Ultrasound-assisted extraction of peptidoglycan from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: Structural characterization, anti-browning enhancement, and immunomodulatory effects.

Bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) exhibits diverse bioactive properties and application potential, but efficient extraction and modification methods are lacking. This study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to obtain PG from the cell walls of…

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