Quantitative analysis of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol in fried oil using convolutional neural networks optimizing with a hybrid feature selection based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

To address challenges in quantifying 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), a toxic compound formed during oil refining with nephrotoxic, reproductive toxic, and carcinogenic properties, a convolutional neural network (CNN) integrated with a hybrid f…

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