Geographical variability in chemical composition and antidiabetic activity of Cudrania tricuspidata fruit.

Cudrania tricuspidata fruits are valued as functional foods and medicinal plants. Fruit samples collected from diverse regions in Korea were analyzed to characterize their major flavonoid constituents. Prenylated isoflavonoids were identified as the dominant compounds, and statistical analyses revealed their strong association with antidiabetic activity. In particular, several prenylated isoflavonoids, including pomiferin and osajin, showed significant regional variation and contributed markedly to the observed bioactivity. These results highlight the importance of chemical diversity in shaping the health-promoting potential of this traditional fruit. These findings suggest that the flavonoid composition of C. tricuspidata fruits plays a key role in their antidiabetic potential, with geographical factors such as longitude influencing both composition and activity.