Environmental researchFlame RetardantsAnimalsOligochaetaMicroplasticsOrganophosphates
Combined toxicity of organophosphate flame retardants and polyethylene microplastics on Eisenia fetida: Biochemical and molecular insights.
Qingyang Guo, Haixin Shen, Yongxue Feng, Minghan Wang, Yuheng Li, Xiuxiu Lin, Yuxuan Gao, Lili Ma, Xiansheng Liu
Published: 202510.1016/j.envres.2025.122992
Abstract
Microplastics and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), a subset of organophosphate esters (OPEs), are frequently co-detected in terrestrial ecosystems, raising concerns about their combined ecological risks. In this study, the epigeic earthworm…
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