Environment internationalHumansLeadAnimalsEnvironmental ExposureAntisocial Personality Disorder
Lead exposure and antisocial behavior: A systematic review of human and animal evidence.
Rachel M Shaffer, Laura M Carlson, Kirstin Hester, Haesoo Kim, Parker F Duffney, Jenna E Forsyth, Greg Ferraro, Christine Till, Amanda Haddock, Jenna Strawbridge, Charles C Lanfear, Zahra Gohari, Alexandra L Lee, Howard Hu, Ellen Kirrane
Published: 202510.1016/j.envint.2025.109786
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite decades of research and interventions, lead (Pb) exposure remains a global public health concern. In addition to well-documented impacts on cognition, there is growing evidence of Pb's impacts on antisocial behaviors, including ag…
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