Dataset of internal temperature and gas pressure in cylindrical lithium-ion cells during thermal runaway.

This experimental dataset relates to the research "Real-time simultaneous monitoring of internal temperature and gas pressure in cylindrical cells during thermal runaway" [1]. This study introduces, for the first time, a novel methodology that enables simultaneous real-time monitoring of internal temperature and gas pressure in 21,700 format cylindrical cells. The datasets are from three thermal runaway tests conducted on three instrumented cells, each equipped with an embedded thermocouple and gas pressure adaptor to allow access to internal gasses. Measurements collected during the experiments include cell voltage, internal gas pressure, surface temperatures measured 10 mm from both the negative and positive terminals, surface and internal temperatures at the axial midpoint of the cell, and vent temperatures recorded at 5 mm and 10 mm from the vent cap on the positive terminal. In all experiments, the cells are heated externally using a heating pad until thermal runaway occurs. The evolution of the cell failure has been investigated by monitoring the parameters above and is reported in [1]. This dataset provides insights into the development of thermal runaway events by characterising three main stages: pre-vent, soft-vent and flame generation/explosion. This data serves as a valuable resource for advanced battery failure diagnostics and facilities the development of physical and data-driven models aimed at predicting early detection or developing new mitigation strategies. Moreover, the availability of previously unmeasured battery parameters improves our understanding of battery safety and supports the optimising the design of vent systems for future batteries.