Understanding barriers to adolescent participation in developmental neuroscience research.

Increasing representation of youth in developmental neuroscience research is essential to elucidating neurobiological mechanisms of cognition, behavior, and mental health. However, the field faces critical challenges in optimizing recruitment strategies and reducing barriers to participation among underrepresented populations. To examine these challenges and identify solutions, we employed a qualitative approach to assess barriers to research participation among a sample of adolescents. Data were drawn from semi-structured online focus groups with adolescents in a rural area of the United States. The sample included 20 participants (ages 13-18 years, 65 % female). A subset of questions addressed interest in research participation and potential barriers, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results indicated five key themes: transportation, time, safety, caregiver involvement, and other barriers. Many participants highlighted their reliance on caregivers for transportation, as well as concerns about the overall time commitment of research participation. Misconceptions about magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contributed to adolescents' hesitancy to participate. Many of these barriers are relevant across research settings, but may be especially salient for youth in rural communities, a population often underrepresented in developmental neuroscience research. Based on the data, we offer potential solutions such as community outreach and education, fair compensation, and community-based partnerships.