Permeable cryoprotectant-free ultra-rapid freezing of high-density human spermatozoa: novel catheter device and concentrated pellet approaches.

Sperm ultra-rapid freezing techniques cryopreserve selected spermatozoa without seminal plasma using non-permeable cryoprotectants. Existing methods are limited to cryopreserving low sperm volumes. This study aims to enhance the volume of ultra-rapid…

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