Brain research bulletinAnimalsMicrogliaTOR Serine-Threonine KinasesMiceSignal Transduction
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibits M1 polarization of microglia and macrophages through STAT1/NF-κB and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways.
Qian Zhang, Youchen Zhang, Yujian Chen, Xiaofei Liu, Jianyong Li, Fangfang Liu, Jian Wang, Yali Zhao, Kun Zhang, Lei Sang, Shihui Fu
Published: 202510.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111610
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory response following central nervous system (CNS) injury is a significant, multifaceted process that requires further studies. Microglia and macrophages play key roles in CNS inflammation. However, it is still undefined what ac…
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