Gender-Specific Occupational Hazards in Orthopedic Surgery: Survey of Women Surgeons in South Asia.

Background: Orthopedic surgery has historically had low female representation. As the number of women in the field grows, understanding occupational health risks specific to this population is critical. Existing literature largely reflects Western experiences, with limited data from low- and middle-income countries such as India. Objective: To evaluate occupational health risks faced by women orthopedic surgeons in South Asia, with a focus on region-specific challenges. Methods: An online survey was distributed through professional organizations including WOW, WOICE, and WAVES. Data were collected on demographics, practice settings, subspecialties, and occupational health concerns. Results: A total of 95 women orthopedic surgeons participated, with the largest age group being 30-39 years (N = 32). The majority (71%) were from Asian countries, primarily India (N = 50). Most respondents worked in institutional settings (79.8%), with 52.1% employed in public hospitals or universities. General orthopedics was the most common speciality (24.5%). Physical stress was reported by 73.4% and work-related musculoskeletal pain by 63.4%, most commonly back pain. Additional region-specific challenges included limited maternity support, inadequate radiation safety practices, and cultural stigma around mental health, infertility, and pregnancy-related complications. Conclusion: Women orthopedic surgeons in South Asia face both universal and region-specific occupational health risks that are often underrepresented in the global literature. Tailored research and policy initiatives are needed to address these unique challenges and to support the well-being of women in orthopedic surgery in South Asia and similar contexts.