Formononetin as a multifaceted modulator of renal pathology: insights into fibrotic, oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways.

Renal inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis are hallmarks of kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury (AKI), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The global prevalence of kidney diseases is increasing, posing a substan…

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