General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery
Transesophageal echocardiographic assessment of left atrial and left ventricular venting: pitfalls and troubleshooting in over 300 cases.
Kazumasa Orihashi
Published: 202510.1007/s11748-025-02222-2
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) venting during open-heart surgery is essential for myocardial protection, maintaining a bloodless field, and facilitating air removal. However, catheter malposition and inadequate venting are not…
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