The Implementation of Social Media in Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND: The advent of social media has significantly transformed various medical specialties, including neurosurgery. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to characterize the utilization of social media in neurosurgery and to evaluate the impact of social media usage in neurosurgery. Furthermore, the study aimed to determine the demographics of social media users in neurosurgery and delineate their purposes for engaging with social media platforms. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases to identify studies investigating the role of social media in neurosurgery. Articles were screened for relevance, and selected studies were systematically reviewed and analyzed to assess the integration of social media within neurosurgical practices. RESULTS: 105 studies were included. 2023 represented the year with the most published articles (28%). Most studies (52%) addressed general neurosurgery, followed by intracranial (24%) and spine surgery (24%). X (formerly Twitter) was the most frequently studied platform (46%), followed by YouTube (38%) and Facebook (30%). The primary purposes of social media use were patient education (36%), evaluation of the impact (22%), healthcare provider education (20%), collaboration (9%), research dissemination (8%), and career development (6%). 64% of studies targeted healthcare professionals, while 36% focused on patients. Sentiment towards social media use was positive in 50% of studies, negative in 19%, and neutral or exploratory in 31%. CONCLUSION: The literature highlights a notable increase in the use of social media in the neurosurgical field, particularly for education, impact analysis and research distribution. Platforms like X have become central for academic exchange and professional networking. Having a social media presence can be beneficial for neurosurgeons and can positively impact patient reviews, the department's standing, and may even contribute to academic success. Furthermore, social media facilitates interdisciplinary collaboration and access to educational content.