Surgical endoscopy
Assessing the carbon footprint of surgical materials: a comparative study of open, endoscopic, and robotic approaches in four major operations.
Yoshimasa Akashi, Tsuyoshi Enomoto, Ayumi Shikama, Hideo Ichimura, Koichi Ogawa, Yohei Owada, Kinji Furuya, Kazuhiro Takahashi, Osamu Shimomura, Yoshihiro Miyazaki, Shuntaro Tsukamoto, Tomoaki Furuta, Hiromitsu Nakahashi, Tatsuya Oda
Published: 202510.1007/s00464-025-12390-0
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Surgery is an energy-intensive medical field, and its contribution to the environment is significant. Robotic surgery (RS) may generate a greater carbon footprint than open surgery (OS) or endoscopic surgery (ES). However, the extent of t…
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