Distance to the spinal canal and vertebral body from the insertion point of percutaneous pedicle screws in the lumbar spine: radiographic anatomy on computed tomography images for a safe and efficient procedure.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the distance for the safe and efficient insertion of percutaneous pedicle screws (PPSs) in lumbar fixation surgery. METHODS: On lumbar computed tomography thin-slice images parallel to the cranial vertebral endpl…

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